Herb | What is it | How it works | Precautions |
Theanine | An amino acid that’s found only in green tea. | Helps generate alpha brain waves, which have been associated with relaxation. | None. |
GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) | An amino acid neurotransmitter. | Stimulates GABA receptors in the brain, which induces relaxation. | May work better in combination with theanine. |
Lemon balm | A plant in the mint family. | Acts as a mild sedative. | May work better in combination with valerian. |
Kava | Comes from a plant called Piper methysticum, which grows in the South Pacific islands. | Relaxes muscles in the body. | Do not take with alcohol or other medications. Do not take at all if you’re pregnant, breastfeeding or have a history of liver problems. Limit use to two times a week. |
Lavender | A flower often used in aromatherapy. | Breathing in the aroma of natural lavender oil calms the central nervous system. | None. |
Valerian | A native plant of Europe and North America. | Inhibits the breakdown of GABA (see above) in the brain, which has a sedative effect. | None. |
Hops | A plant native to Britain that’s found in beer. | Acts as a sedative. | Best used in the evening. |
5-HTP (5-hydroxy-l-tryptophan) | Extracted from griffonia seeds, which come from a shrub grown in Ghana and the Ivory Coast. | Converts to serotonin, a brain chemical involved in mood, behavior, appetite and sleep. One study found it may help prevent panic attacks. | Limit use to 50 mg (at most 100 mg) a day, and take frequent breaks. |
Passion flower | A flowering plant (Passiflora spp.). | Methanol extracts from the leaves, stems and flowers have anti-anxiety effects. | Do not use with other sedative drugs. |
Ashwagandha | An Ayurvedic herb taken from the roots of the Indian Winter Cherry shrub. | Promotes GABA-like activity. The antioxidants found in the herb may also reduce stress. | Long-term studies on safety are unavailable. Take occasional breaks from use. |
Tryptophan | An essential amino acid found in protein-rich foods, such as turkey. | Converts into 5-HTP (see above) and then serotonin. | May cause drowsiness or dry mouth. |
Omega-3 fatty acids | An essential fatty acid found in cold-water fish. | Increases fluidity of cell membranes and improves communication between brain cells. | Limit use to 3 fish oil capsules a day. |